Understanding Multiple Myeloma Risk Factors

• Most people diagnosed with multiple myeloma are between 65 and 70 years old.
• Less than 1% of cases occur in individuals younger than 35.

Race and Ethnicity

• Black men and Black women are more than twice as likely to be diagnosed with multiple myeloma as any other racial or ethnic group.
• Diagnosis often occurs 5–10 years earlier in Black patients compared to other populations.

Gender and Myeloma Risk

• Men are diagnosed with multiple myeloma at slightly higher rates than women.
• Risk factors are based on gender assigned at birth.

Family History and Genetic Factors

• Having a first-degree relative (parent or sibling) with multiple myeloma or monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) may increase the risk.
• This risk increases if multiple family members have been diagnosed.
• Even though multiple myeloma can sometimes run in families, not everyone with a family history will develop it.

Environmental and Lifestyle Risk Factors for Multiple Myeloma

Certain environmental exposures and lifestyle factors have been linked to multiple myeloma.

• Chemical exposure: Long-term exposure to radiation, asbestos, petroleum products, agricultural chemicals, benzene, dioxins, pesticides, or herbicides may increase risk.
• Obesity: Maintaining a healthy weight may support overall health outcomes and reduce risk factors.

Health Conditions Linked to Increased Myeloma Risk

Several medical conditions have been associated with a higher likelihood of developing multiple myeloma.

Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS)

• MGUS is a benign condition in which monoclonal protein (M protein) is present in the blood at lower levels than in multiple myeloma.
• Approximately 20% of MGUS patients may develop active myeloma.

HIV and Plasma Cell Disorders

• HIV-positive individuals have a higher risk of developing plasma cell disorders, including MGUS and multiple myeloma.

Autoimmune and Inflammatory Conditions

Certain autoimmune diseases have been linked to a higher risk of myeloma, including:

• Pernicious anemia – A condition that prevents proper Vitamin B12 absorption.
• Ankylosing spondylitis (Bechterew’s disease) – A type of arthritis that causes spinal inflammation.

Plasmacytomas and Multiple Myeloma Risk

A plasmacytoma is a type of plasma cell tumor that may increase the likelihood of developing multiple myeloma.

• Solitary plasmacytoma – A plasma cell tumor that occurs in a single bone or organ. About 70% of patients with solitary plasmacytoma later develop multiple myeloma.
• Extramedullary plasmacytoma – A tumor that typically grows in the lungs, throat, or other organs. It has a lower progression rate to multiple myeloma compared to solitary plasmacytomas.

Stay Informed About Multiple Myeloma With RCCA

Regional Cancer Care Associates (RCCA) provides patients with the latest information on multiple myeloma and other blood cancers. With more than 20 locations across New Jersey, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and the Washington, D.C., area, RCCA remains committed to delivering expert oncology care and patient education.

To learn more about multiple myeloma risk factors or schedule a consultation, contact RCCA at 844-346-7222 or contact RCCA today.

Sources:

• https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/feelings#denial
• https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/emotional-side-effects.html
• https://www.livestrong.org/we-can-help/emotional-and-physical-effects-of-treatment/your-feelings-during-treatment
• https://www.cancer.net/coping-with-cancer/managing-emotions